This can be achieved by uploading to the regular app store, but only share it within your company. For more info, see this part of the documentation:
https://docs.mendix.com/developerportal/app-store/share-app-store-content#private-app-store
Or this guide, related to UI components:
THe thing that comes closest is Mendix Launchpad, see https://docs.mendix.com/developerportal/deploy/integrate-with-mendix-sso and look for launchpad on the page.