Mendix Cloud
There are different flavours in hosting a Mendix environment. If you opt for the mendix cloud, you basically get the managed version, where Mendix takes care of setting up the cloudfoundry DB & app infrastructure.
When you deploy an app to the cloud, whether it is a free app or a licensed app, it will consist of a number of parts:
Mendix Runtime – essentially one or more instances of your app running in a container
Routing layer
Network
Database
File storage service
https://docs.mendix.com/developerportal/deploy/licensing-apps
2. An environment contains a single Mendix app. However you can run multiple instances of the same app as a cluster.
3. Did you get the quotes for the Mendix cloud? Then most likely these are flat fee rates per environment. I
4. You scale the amount of dedicated memory per container. As for the CPU this is shared based on fair use between multiple containers on the CF platform.
https://docs.cloudfoundry.org/concepts/container-security.html#cpu
5. The closest I could find is below, which describe the different components used, but not the exact specs.
https://www.mendix.com/evaluation-guide/enterprise-capabilities/cloud-architecture
Docker, Cloudfoundry
If you want more control over your infrastructure, you could consider setting up your own Cloudfoundry or Docker containers on AWS, Azure, Cloudfoundry, SAP Cloud, IBM Cloud etc. Best is to read the documentation below for more details.
Documentation Docker Buildpack:
https://github.com/mendix/docker-mendix-buildpack
Documentation Cloudfoundry buildpack: